GeoCitesSites.com

Ch 7 Circular Motion & Gravitation

Updated 5/27/07

Home

Answers
7.1 Circular Motion 7.2 Universal Gravitation 7.3 Motion in Space
7.4 Torque & Simple Machines

Mixed Review

Standardized Test Prep
Notes
7.1 Circular Motion 7.2 Universal Gravitation 7.3 Motion in Space
7.4 Torque & Simple Machines    

Answers

7.1 Circular Motion
Practice A, Centripetal Acceleration, pg 236
     [1] 2.5m/s      [2] 11 m/s       [3] 1.5 m/s2     [4] 58.4 m

     Ch 7 Review Q, pg 263:  8] 7.0 m/s     9] 2.7 m/s

Practice B, Centripetal Force, pg 238
     [1] 29.6 kg     [2] 40.0 m       [3] 40.0 N       [4] 35.0 m/s

     Ch 7 Review Q, pg 263:  [10a] 414 kg   [b] 12.1 m/s   [11] 62 kg

Section 7.1 Review Q, pg 239: 
     [2] 14 m/s     [5] 1360 N

7.2 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Practice C, Gravitational Force, pg 242
     [1] 0.692 m     [2] 9.4x106 m = 9400 km    
     [3a] 651 N      [b] 246 N        [c] 38.5 N

     Ch 7 Review Q, pg 264:  [18] 2.50 m    [19] 1.0x10-10 m = 0.10 nm

Section 7.2 Review Q, pg 247: 
     [3a] 636 N      [b] 475 N        [c] 678 N     [d] 656 N
     [5] 5.98x1024 kg

7.3 Motion in Space:  Skip

7.4 Torque & Simple Machines
Practice E, Torque pg 258
     [1] 0.75 Nm     [2a] 5.1 N●m     [b] 15.2 N●m     [3] 133 N

     Ch 7 Review Q, pg 265:  [37] 26 N●m     38]    1.68x104 N●m

Section 7.4 Review Q, pg 261: 
     [5] 130 N     [6] 2.7    
     [8] τ30 = 0 Nm,    τ25 = 43 Nm,    τ10 = -16 Nm,
         τnet = +27 Nm = clockwise

Mixed Review, pg 265:  * = requires information from previous chapters.


[39*] 12 m/s    [40a] 4.34x1020 N    [b] 1.99x1020 N    [c] 3.52x1022 N
[41] 220 N   [42] 200 N   [43] 1800 N●m   [44] -2200 N●m   [45] 200 N
[46*] 63%     [47] 72%     [48] 6.4 m      [49] skip       
[50a] 0.965 m/s2   [b] 1330 N   [c*] 0.0985  
[51a] 6300 N●m     [b] 550 N    [52] 6.96x108 m  
[53*] Ff = 6620 N, Fc = 7880 N   [54] F = 6.6 N, τmax = 2.3 Nm

Standardized Test Prep, pg 268

     [1] C   [2] H   [3] C   [4] G  [5] D  [6] J  [7] D  [8] F [9] C 
[10] G  [11] G  [12] H  [13] A

Top

Ch 7.1 Vocabulary Review Circular Motion

Use Loose Leaf, Answers Only
Terms may be used once or more or not at all.
Some statements have more than one term.  

Angular Speed            Centrifugal Velocity    Radian
Arc Length               Centripetal Acceleration Tangential Acceleration
Area                     Centripetal Force       Tangential Force
Axis of rotation         Centripetal Velocity    Tangential Velocity
Centrifugal              Centripetal             Uniform Circular Motion
Centrifugal Acceleration Circumference
Centrifugal Force        Inertia                

1    Acceleration of an object in uniform circular motion due to its change in direction.

2    In circular motion, acceleration due to a change in speed.

3    A center-directed force that causes an object to move in a curved (sometimes circular) path.

4    In the tea cup amusement park ride it feels like a force is pushing you outward but it is the force from the seat back that is forcing you to move in a circle.

5    V2/R

6    The acceleration directed toward the center of a curved path.

7    Away from the center point.

8    An object with a constant tangential speed.

9    The component of velocity tangent to the trajectory of a projectile.

10   Line about which an object rotates or revolves.

11   The speed of an object that is tangent to the object’s curved path.

12   The rate at which a body rotates around its axis. 

13   Toward the center point.

14   # radians x Radius

15   Not a force but the apparent or fictitious outward force on a revolving body due to its inertia.

16   The tendency to move in a straight line path.

17   mV2/R

18   RPM●2πR

19   Rad/second.

20   2πR

21   πR2 

22   Revolutions per second

Top

Ans Vocabulary 7.1

 1 Centripetal acceleration      
 2 Tangential acceleration       
 3 Centripetal Force             
 4 Centrifugal Force             
 5 Centripetal acceleration      
 6 Centripetal acceleration      
 7 Centrifugal                   
 8 Uniform circular motion       
 9 Tangential velocity           
10 Axis of rotation              
11 Tangential velocity           
12 Angular velocity              
13 Centripetal                   
14 Arc Length                    
15 Centrifugal force             
16 Inertia                       
17 Centripetal force             
18 Tangential Velocity           
19 Angular Speed
20 Circumference
21 Area
22 Angular Speed

Top

Vocabulary Review Ch 7.2 Universal Gravitation

Terms may be used once or more or not at all.
Some statements have more than one term.

     Center of Mass                    Law of Gravity, Aristotle’s
Free Fall                         Law of Gravity, Newton’s
Free Fall Acceleration            Mass, Gravitational
Gravitational Field Strength      Mass, Inertial
Gravitational Force               Universal Gravitational Constant

1    A measure of the resistance of an entity to a change in its velocity.

2    G ME/RE2 

3    Force per unit mass

4    m/s2

5    The center of a circle, sphere, or rectangle.

6    Fg = G M1 M2/d2 

7    The force of mutual attraction between any two objects.

8    Varies directly with the product of the masses and inversely with the distance between their centers of mass.

9    An object can be treated as if all its mass were concentrated here.

10   Measured by timing the fall of something.

11   9.81 m/s2 

12   Equals free fall acceleration.

13   No experiment has ever been performed demonstrating it is different form inertial mass.

14   Measured using a spring mechanism and an equation to compare an unknown with a standard.

15   A measure of the strength of an object's interaction with the gravitational field.

16   N/kg

17   g

18   Moving through air or space under the influence of gravity only.

19   What goes up must come down.

20   G M1 M2/d2 

21   6.67 x10-11 N●m2/kg2

22   The point of symmetry.

23   No lift, thrust, or drag.

24   Changes with location

25   Measured without any motion.

26   Measured using a balance mechanism to compare an unknown with a standard.

Top

Ans Vocabulary 7.2

 1 Mass, Inertial                 14 Mass, Inertial
 2 Gravitational Force            15 Mass, Gravitational
     & Law of Gravity, Newton’s
 3 Gravitational Field Strength   16 Gravitational Field Strength
 4 Free Fall Acceleration         17 Free Fall Acceleration
 5 Center of Mass                 18 Free Fall
 6 Law of Gravity, Newton’s       19 Law of Gravity, Aristotle’s
 7 Gravitational Force            20 Gravitational Force
 8 Gravitational Force            21 Universal Gravitational Constant
     & Law of Gravity, Newton’s
 9 Center of Mass                 22 Center of Mass
10 Free Fall Acceleration         23 Free Fall
11 Free Fall Acceleration         24 Free Fall Acceleration
                                       Gravitational Field Strength
12 Gravitational Field Strength   25 Mass, Gravitational
13 Mass, Gravitational            26 Mass, Gravitational

Top

Vocabulary Ch 7.4 Torque & Machines

     Linear Systems          | Rotational Systems                      
Mass (kg)               | Moment of Inertia (I, kg●m2)
Speed (m/s)             | Angular Speed (ω, radians/s)
Acceleration (m/s2)      | Angular Acceleration (α, radians/s2)
Force (N):  F = ma      | Torque (τ, N●m) τ = Iα
Kinetic Energy (mV2/2)   | Iω2/2
Power = Force x Speed   | Torque x Angular Speed

Moment of Inertia (I): a] The tendency of a rotating body to resist change
                     in its rotating motion.
                  b] Similar to mass in linear systems.

Torque:  a] A vector quantity.
    b] The direction is perpendicular to both the radius from the
       axis and to the force.
    c] The perpendicular force x the distance to the pivot.
    d] A rotational force which causes a change in rotational motion.
    e] If you curl right hand fingers around the spin axis and in the
direction of spin, then your thumb points in the direction of torque. 
See http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tord.html

Compound Machine:  Two or more connected simple machines.

Efficiency:  a] Work Out x 100%
           Work In
b] Never more than 100% or it will violate the law of conservation of energy.

Mechanical Advantage:  a] A constant multiplier describing a machine.
                  b] Force Out/Force In.

Ideal Mechanical Advantage: 
a] The mechanical advantage of an ideal machine.
b] Din/Dout

Ideal Machine:  a] A machine that is 100% Efficient.
           b] A machine without friction.

Lever Arm:  The distance from the applied force to the pivot point.

Top